【分享】苏格兰英语中常用不规则动词与标准英语比较

paktadasu

The past tense and the past perfect of strong verbs.

Strong verbs form the past and past perfect by changing their vowels.
In some verbs the past perfect is formed by adding en, n after aw and r.

Infinitive Past Past perfect
(Present tense)  (Past tense) (past participle)
be be wis, war been
beat beat bate bate
bear bear, carry bure born
begin begin begoud began
bend bend bent bent
bid bid baud, bade bidden
bind bind band bund
blaw blow blew blawn
bluid bleed bled bled
bide endure bade bidden
can can coud   
cast cast cuist cuisten
ding strike dang dung
draw draw drew drawn
drink drink drank drucken, drunken
drive drive druive druive, driv
faw fall fell fawn
fesh fetch fuish fuishen
find find fand fund
flee fly flew flewen
fling fling flang flung
forgit forget forgat forgotten
freeze freeze fruize frozen
git got gat gotten
greet cry grat grutten
hide hide hade, hod hidden, hodden
hit hit hat hutten
lat let luit lutten
leap leap lap(e) luppen
mistak mistake misteuk mistaen
quit rid, quit quat quat, quitten
read read rade read(en)
rin run ran run
ride ride rade ridden
shae shoe shod shoddit
shall* shall shoud   
shear shear, clip shuir shorn
sit sit sat sutten
speak speak spak spoken
spit spit spat sputten
staund stand stuid stuiden
stick stick / stab stack, stickit stucken
straw strew strew strawn
strick strike strack strucken
strive strive strave striven
sweir swear swuire sworn
tak tak teuk taen
teir tear tuir torn
thresh thrash thruish thruishen
thrive thrive thrave thri'en, thriven
weir wear wure worn
win reach / won wan wun
write write wrat(e) wrutten

* Also older forms sall and s(o)ud /suld.

The past tense and the past perfect of weak verbs.

Verbs that end with b, d, g, k, p and t by adding it.
Verbs that end with il, le, en, ch, sh, ss and f by adding t.
Verbs that end with le change their ending to elt.
Verbs that end with r may add either t or (e)d.
Otherwise by the addition of ed or d where the infinitive ends with a vowel sound or silent e.
Verbs that end with ee by adding 'd.
Verbs of French or Latin origin do not add t, it, d or ed in the past perfect.
The past perfect of some verbs is formed by adding en, n after aw.
In some dialects the ending (e)d may be pronounced /t/.

Infinitive Past Past perfect
        
acquent acquaint acquentit acquent
awe owe aucht aucht
bend bend bent bent
birrie bury birriet birriet
bou bow, bend boud boud
burn burn brunt brunt
buy buy bocht bocht
byle boil bylt bylt
caw call cawd cawd
cairie carry cairiet cairiet
caw drive cawd cawd
dee die dee'd dee'd
dow to be able to docht docht
drap drop drappit drappit
droun drown drount drount, droundit
fear fear / scared feart feart
fill fill filt fult
gae* go gaed gane, went
gar compel gart gart
gaither gather gaithert gaithert
hae have haed haen
hing hang hingit hingit
hurt hurt hurtit hurtit
keep keep keepit keepit
keek peep keekit keekit
ken know kent kent
kill kill kilt kilt
lade load laden laden
lairn learn lairnt lairnt
leave, lea' leave left left
lee lie (fib) lee'd lee'd
licht light lichtit lichtit
lift lift liftit liftit
lig lie (recline) liggit liggit
loss lose lost lost
loue love loued loued
lowse loosen lowsed lowsed
leuk look leukit leukit
like like likit likit
mairy marry mairiet mairiet
mean mean meant meant
mend mend, repair ment ment
mey may micht   
miss miss misst misst
mynd mind, remember mynt mynt
need need nott nott
pent paint pentit pentit
pey pay peyd peyd
pou pull poud poud
rap rap rappit rappit
redd arrange redd redd
rot rot rottit rotten
rowe roll rowed rowen
saw saw (wood) sawd sawn
say say said sain
see** see see'd, saw seen
seek seek socht socht(en)
sell sell selt selt
send send sent sent
ser serve ser sert
shae shoe shod shoden
shairp sharp shairpit shairpit
shuit shoot shuiitt shotten
singe singe singed singed
skail spill skailt skailt
sleep sleep sleepit sleepit
slup slip sluppit slippit
snaw snow snawd snawn
souk suck soukit soukit
soum swim soumed soumed
soop sweep soopit soopit
speir inquire, ask speirt speirt
spyle spoil spylt spylt
stang sting stangt stangt
stap step stappit stappit
stop stop stoppit stoppit
streek stretch straucht straucht
taigle hinder taigelt taigelt
think think thocht thocht
traivle travel, walk traivelt traivelt
tred tred tredit tredden
tuim empty tuimt tuimt
uise*** use uised uised
wad wed wad wad
wale choose waled waled
wirk**** work wrocht wrocht
worth to befall worthed worthed
wiss wish wust wust
yird bury yirdit yirdit

* Gang or gan are alternatives for gae.

** The verb see is used colloquially to indicate a desire to be hande something.

See's ower thon jurnal.
Pass me that magazine over. Coud ye see's the teapat.
Could you pass me the teapot.

*** Note the difference between the verb uise (use) and the noun uiss (use).
    Uisst tae means 'used to'.
**** Note the difference between the verb wirk (work) and the noun wark (work).

Some verbs have both strong and weak forms, especially in the past perfect.

Infinitive Past Past perfect
eat eat eatit, ett eaten, ett
bake bake bakit, beuk bakit, baken
bid bid baud, bade bidden
big build biggit, bug biggit, biggen
brak break brak, breuk brak, brucken
bring bring brocht, brang brochten, brung
bide stay burstit, brast bursten
burst burst catcht, cuitch catcht, catchen
catch catch bid, bade bidden
chuise choose chuist, chase chuist, chosen
cleid clothe cleidit, cled cleidit, cled
cleek hook, link cleekit, claucht cleekit, claucht
craw crow crawt, crew crawn
creep creep creepit, crap creepit, cruppen
come come cam, comed come(n), comed
dae do did, duin duin, daen
daur* dare durst durst, daurd*
dreid dread dreidit, drade dreidit, drade
drink drink drank drucken, drunken
fash trouble, bother fasht, fuish fasht, fuishen
fecht fight focht, feuch fochten, feuchen
flit move home flittit flittit, flitten
flyte scold flytit, flait fleitit, flyten
gie give gied, gae gien
growe grow growed, grew growed, grawn
grip sieze gruppit, grap gruppit, gruppen
hae have haed haen, haed
haud hold haudit, helt haudden
hear hear haurd, heard
[hi:rd or he:rd] haurd
lauch laugh laucht, leuch laucht,leuchen
lowp jump lowpit lowpit, lowpen
mak make makkit, made makkit, made
maw mow mawed, mew mawn, mawed
pit put pat pitten
pruive prove pruived pruiven
quit rid, quit quat quut, quutten
rive tear rived, rave rived, riven
sawe sow sawed, sew sawn
sclim climb sclimmt, sclam sclimmt, sclum
set set set, suit setten
shak shake shakkit, sheuk shakken, sheuken
shape shape shapit, sheup shapit
shue sew shued shued, shuen
sing sing singit, sang singit, sung
slide slide slidit, slade slidden
spleet split spleetit, splat spleetit, splet
spreid spread spreidit, sprad spreidit, sprad
stick stick stickit, stack stickit, stucken
steal steal stealt, staw stealt, stowen
sweit sweat sweitit, swat sweitit, swutten
teach teach teacht, taucht teacht, taucht
tell tell telt, tauld telt, tauld
thraw throw, twist thrawd, threw thrawn
threid thread threidit, thrad threidit, thred
treat treat treatit, trate treatit, tret
tyne lose tint, tyned tint, tyned
wash wash washt, wuish washt, wuishen
weet wet weetit, wat weetit, wat(ten)
wind wind wundit, wand wundit, wund

Scots contains a number of irregular plurals. Some of the more common ones are:

Singular Plural
beast beast beasts beasts
cauf calf caur calves
child boy / lad childer children
cou cow kye cattle
ee eye een eyes
fit foot feet feet
guiss goose geese geese
loose louse lice lice  
man man men men
moose mouse mice mice  
ox ox owsen oxen
shae shoe shuin  shoes  
tuith tooth teeth teeth
wumman  woman weemen women
Older forms brither (brother) - brether(en) (brothers) and Tree (tree) - Treen (trees) existed.

Some nouns have the same form in singular and plural.

Singular Plural
birse bristle birse bristles
cod cod cod cod
deer deer deer deer
dizzen dozen dizzen dozens
fish fish fish* fish
gait goat gait goats
grouse grouse grouse grouse
gryce pig gryce pigs
herrin herring herrin herring
horse horse horse horses
nowt bullock nowt cattle
pease pea pease peas
saumon salmon saumon salmon
sheep sheep sheep sheep
swine pig swine pigs
troot trout troot trout
The plural fish represents a mass of fish. The plural fishes represents a quantity of individual 'fishes'.
Note: A scissor. (A pair of scissors.)